Literature

Argentina literature has a long history since the beginning of the XIX century, when the hispanic-american literaturewas mixed with local exponent like Vicente Lopez y Planes and Esteban Luca. Then, appeared the Gauchesco genre and the most famous work was El Gaucho Martin Fierro made by Jose Hernandez.

Others also important for The Story of Our Country were Bartolome Mitre and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.

In 1940’s the main objective was the poetry, there was narrated everything related to descriptions, nostalgic and statements. Some idealistics writers were: Maria Granata, Adolfo Bioy Casares, Julio Cortazar and Manuel Mujica Lainez; and from realism were Ernesto Castro, Ernesto Sabato and Abelardo Aviar.

Between 1960 and 1990 influences were more heterogeneous. In the 70’s everything was related to exile: Juan Gelman and Antonio de Benedetto, or death: Roberto Santoro and H.Conti. Some poets like Agustin Tavitian and Antonio Aliberti, narraters like Osvaldo Soriano and Fernando Sorrentino and essayists like Ricardo Herrera and Maria Rosa Lojo, who had ethics ideas.

Sastre, Camus; some spanish like Celaya and others like Borges and Cortazar. Others who wrote about historical events like Horacio salas, Alejandra Pizarnick and Ramon Plaza .

Nowadays, exists a generation of artists who represent our literature like Roberto Cossa, Federico Andahazi, Martin Caparros, Alan Pauls, Jose Pablo Feinman and Roberto Fontanarrosa.

Plastic Arts

From may revolution and under the thoughts taken from french revolution, religion marked a colonial period that was less abundant at that time. The pictorical activities were done in everyday escenes.

The history of the argentinian art was distinguishedin the 20’s like a period that produced a new kind of plastic language in Argentina .

Some events supported this affirmation: Emilio Petorutti, Paris group and Alfredo Guttero returned to Buenos Aires . The artist who returned to Buenos Aires from Europe knew perfectly the european language. It was founded “Amigos del Arte”, an space for new tendencies.

From that point on, is impossible to stablish the number of artists and groups who enriched the art plastic.

In 1944 was published magazine Arthur, which was about concret art. In 1951 it was created Bonino gallery; in 1948 was published Ver and Estimar magazine by Jorge Romero Brest, who was in 1956 Director of the National Museum and later, in 1963 Director of Visual Arts centre, in Di Tella institute.

Dances

In 1867 were offered the first coreographic show with ballets. In theatre Colon (the first one) was the first appearance of Rousset company.

The original ballet was integrated to ballet del Colon in 1943, under direction of Basil.

During the 50’s the most famous dancers were Ruanova, Ferri, Agoglia, Lommi,Truyol,Neglia, Adamowa and Moreno .

In 1985, Julio Bocca and Maximiliano Guerra, who were the youngest important figures (won in Moscu and Varna ), gave the balletan amazing popularity.

Apart from those dancers, Candal, Bazilis, Delmagro, Camaño, Quadri and Escobar assumed Colon shows, which sum towards classic, romantic and other work creations og Argentina choreographers: Araiz (ballet contemporaneo del T.M.G. San Martin director); Lopez, Lastra, Zartmann, Baldonedo, Cervera and Wainrot.

In the last seassons, Colon gave place to ballet d’action with productions sign by Kenneth Mac Millan and John Cranko: Romeo and Julliet, Oregin and La Fierecilla Domada.

Theaters

In the beginning of XX century activities in theatres in Buenos Aires were intense. Different companies open a huge number of works forming The gold Time. Florencio Sanchez, Oregorio de Laferrere and Roberto Payro gave to the activity a creation never done.

All styles appeared one by one by one, the sainete criollo, la gauchesca, la comedia de costumbre, reached the highest place with Armando Discepolo. It was 30 years of different actors and authors.

In 1930, was founded the Town Theatre, and after that the Independent Theatre, an art movement that fought against commercial theatre. This movement was all over the country and the objective was to difund a good kind of theatre.

Apart from the process came out a quality of newer authors who give a different style to dramatic expression; some of them were: Aurelio Ferreti, Carlos Gorostiza, Osvaldo Dragun, Andres Lizarraga and Agustin Cuzzini.

In 1980, when the militar government started to fall, authors like Carlos Gorostiza, Osvaldo Dragun, Roberto Cossa and Carlos Soamigliana, founded the Open theatre. This theatre started its activity in July, 28 th in 1981. A year later some new authors, directors and actors were added.

From another side, appeared new authors like: Carlos Pais, Mauricio Kartun, Daniel Veronese, Enrique Morales, Eduardo Rouer and Roberto Perinelli.

We also have to mention the avant.-garde youngers, called like this because they bussed into the new form of theatretical composition and at the same time because could count with productions provided by european countries interested in Argentina drama. We can mention Alejandro Tantania, Daniel Veronese, Javier Daulte, Federico Leon and Rafael Spregelburd.

Nowadays, theatres are an activity which are developed normally. During weekend 300 shows are presented in different places in Buenos Aires .

Cinema

The cinema came to Argentina after Paris , and later national films started to be shown. But the real industry started in 1933 as Sound cinema.

In 1898, filming his own medical operations, doctor Alejandro Posadas started the Surgical cinema. In 1900 appeared the first Run cinema and also the first journalist.

At fthe same time of the Sound cinema, it was born in Argentina , Sonofilm with Tango (made it first appearance Libertad Lamarque, Tita Merello and Luis Sandrini).

Soon, this and other companies started to produce, in its own studies, 30 annual films that were exported to the rest of America, especially the one’s of Libertad Lamarque, Sandrini and later the once of Nini Marshall.

Years later, not only as an actor but also as a singer, Hugo del Carril in Las Aguas Bajan Turbias, La Quintrala and Mas Alla del Olvido. In 1957, were created cinema Law and National Instituteof cinematography (INC), since then decided credits and politics about it.

And yet, the polemic Leopoldo Torre Nilsson, who soon reached an international reputation. He was the author of La Casa del Angel and La Mano de la Trampa.

In 1984, the government finished with the censure and Manuel Antin (in charge of INC) a film director made surge a new generation which started to be called Argentina cinema freedom and democracy.

In 1989, appeared a new crisis and then in 2001 appeared the last crisis which was reinforced to a strong change, in the directors realization.

Nowadays there are lots of new directors like Damian Zifron, Daniel Burman, Lucrecia Martel, Pablo Trapero and Adrian Caetano; who are known not only in Argentina bot also internationally.

Argentina Cinema stopped to be like in other times “something not much seeing by public of its own country”, to be something that people enjoy and disover, knowing the quality too.

Rock

It came to Argentina in the 50’s like a musical explosion all over the world.But this nimble, and rebeld rage would come as fashion music.

In the 60’s and with the incorporationof twist by Chubby Checker, the genre won more support between singers and local musiciens.

The first to record a disc was The Beatniks, which sold more than 200 copies. In 1967, Lito Nebbia and The Cats gave the first thrust: La Balsa and Ayer Nomas, sold 200 thousand copies. Argentina rock had itsfirst massive success, After the publication of Manal and Almendra together with Los gatos del Rock, which had an esential trilogy, Los Abuelos de la Nada starting having success.

In the 70’s rock was a movement with an amazing develop. Not only were Almendra, manal and Los Gatos but also a lot of groups started and each of them had their own dreams, ideas and convictions.

In 1975, Sui Generis was the best group of rock in Argentina and its briçoke up at the end of that year made lots of people go to the Luna Park stadium. In march 24 th in 1976, the president Isabel Peron was overthrew by militars; and the new government considered rock as suspicious.

Although rock went on, the climax of suppression started to beat. Lots of musicien decided to be exiled, others decided to resist. At that time nobody was safed and rock was not an exception.

Seru Giran changed thing, made an especial energy, the charmed on his songs made people go to his shows.

Many names started to be heard again like Manal, El reloj, Pedro and Pablo. Pedro and Pablo made a tendency on their songs: answer what you ask.

In the 80’s were formed groups like: Sweet 16 and Virus and PatricioRey and sus Redonditos de Ricota. In 1985, was on air Rock and Pop radio, it was the first radio to pass only rock.

Soda Stereo recorded their 2 discs called Nada Personal and Fabulosos Cadillacs made ska appeared.

Andres Calamaro and Ariel Roth formed Los Rodriguez in Spain .

Rata Blanca sold millions of discs, Charly Garcia made Filosofia Barata y Zapatos de Goma and included in that disc a version of the national anthem.

La Portuaria recorded 4 albums, the last one Huija. Diego Frenkel abandoned La Portuaria and started singing by himself.

Nowadays rock is in completely expansion, where there are lots of groups.

Folklore


Argentina has 2 symbols (tango and gaucho) that have no connection between them. Gaucho is meat and fingernail with its songs and folklore is “another” type of music which describes landscape and traditions about the land. There are 50 sites about folklore groups, songs and stories.

Although nowadays there are not creations of that, there are individual creators. Anyway, we can not ignore the nominal factor that join them, as for example the geography, the place where they live.

Some new members of folklore had added new instruments like transverse flute, saxophone, organs, and percussion.

The most important one’s are: Atahualpa Yupanqui, Mercedes Sosa, Sixto Palavecino, Jaime Pavalos, Eduardo tejada Gomez, etc..